Thermal Energy Storage With A Phase-Change Material In A Non-Metal Container

ABSTRACT

A thermal energy storage apparatus that absorbs thermal energy from a heat-generating device is described. In one aspect, the thermal energy storage apparatus comprises a non-metal container and a phase-change material. The non-metal container is configured to receive the heat-generating device thereon. The phase-change material is contained in the non-metal container and configured to absorb at least a portion of heat from the heat-generating device through the non-metal container.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

The present applicant claims the priority benefit of U.S. PatentApplication No. 61/647,392, filed May 15, 2012, and U.S. PatentApplication No. 61/649,261, filed May 19, 2012. Disclosures of theaforementioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure generally relates to the field of transfer ofthermal energy and, more particularly, to the storage of thermal energywith a phase-change material in a non-metal container.

2. Description of the Related Art

Compact heat-generating devices, such as laser diodes, light-emittingdiodes (LEDs), vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs),integrated circuits including microprocessors, microwave chips and thelike, generate thermal energy, or heat, when in operation. Regardless ofwhich type of heat-generating device the case may be, heat generated bya compact heat-generating device needs to be removed or dissipated fromthe compact heat-generating device in order to achieve optimumperformance of the compact heat-generating device and keep itstemperature within a safe operating range. With the form factor ofcompact heat-generating devices (e.g., sensors or ASIC drivers in atelecom router, cellular phone tower, data communications server ormainframe computers) and the applications they are implemented inbecoming ever smaller (e.g., the processor in a smartphone, a tabletcomputer or a notebook computer) resulting in high heat density, it isimperative to effectively dissipate the high-density heat generated inan area of small footprint to ensure safe and optimum operation ofcompact heat-generating devices operating under such conditions.

Many metal-based water-cooled and air-cooled cooling packages have beendeveloped for use in compact packages to dissipate heat generated by thevarious types of compact heat-generating devices mentioned above. Forinstance, heat exchangers and heat pipes made of a metallic materialwith high thermal conductivity, such as copper, silver, aluminum oriron, are commercially available. However, most metal-based heatexchangers and heat pipes experience issues of oxidation, corrosionand/or crystallization after long periods of operation. Such foulingfactors significantly reduce the heat transfer efficiency of metal-basedheat exchangers and heat pipes. Other problems associated with the useof metal-based cooling packages include, for example, issues withoverall compactness of the package, corrosion of the metallic materialin water-cooled applications, difficulty in manufacturing, and so on.With increasing demand for high power density in small form factor,there is a need for a compact cooling package for compactheat-generating devices with fewer or none of the aforementioned issues.

One issue with heat dissipation in portable/mobile applications is that,even when heat generated by a heat-generating device (e.g., theprocessor in a smartphone, a tablet computer or a notebook computer) isremoved or otherwise transferred away from the heat-generating device,the heat more or less is transferred to other portions of the portableapparatus in which the heat-generating device resides. This may not bedesirable especially in portable/mobile applications. For instance, atleast a portion of the heat generated by a microprocessor in a notebookcomputer is transferred to the casing of the notebook computer (e.g., aportion of the computer's casing closest to the microprocessor) makingthe casing warm or even hot to touch. As another example, some notebookcomputers may have a cooling fan installed therein to promote heattransfer by convection to cool off the microprocessor of the notebookcomputer. Still, warm air can be felt near a vent of the casing wherethe cooling fan blows hot air out of the casing, and the casing of thenotebook computer may still be warm or even hot to touch. Consequently,user experience of such portable/mobile apparatus may be negativelyimpacted if not rendered dangerous.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments of a thermal energy storage apparatus that absorbsthermal energy from a compact heat-generating device are provided.

According to one aspect, a thermal energy storage apparatus that absorbsand stores thermal energy from a heat-generating device may comprise anon-metal (e.g., silicon-based) container and a phase-change material.The non-metal container may be configured to receive the heat-generatingdevice thereon. The phase-change material may be contained in thenon-metal container and configured to absorb at least a portion of heatfrom the heat-generating device through the non-metal container.

In one embodiment, the non-metal container may comprise at least onecomponent made of single-crystal silicon, poly-crystal silicon,syntactic diamond, graphite, carbon-fiber, graphene, or carbonnanotubes.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may comprise a salthydrate, an ionic liquid, paraffin, fatty acid, ester, anorganic-organic compound, an organic-inorganic compound, or aninorganic-inorganic compound.

In one embodiment, the non-metal container may comprise a non-metalfirst half piece and a non-metal second half piece. The non-metal firsthalf piece may include a first primary side and a second primary sideopposite to the first primary side. The first primary side of the firsthalf piece may be configured to receive the heat-generating devicethereon. The second primary side of the first half piece may include oneor more recesses. The non-metal second half piece may include a firstprimary side and a second primary side opposite to the first primaryside. The first primary side of the second half piece may be configuredto receive a heat sink thereon. The second primary side of the secondhalf piece may include one or more recesses. One or more voids,configured to contain the phase-change material therein, may be formedwhen the second primary side of the first half piece and the secondprimary side of the second half piece are mated together.

In one embodiment, the one or more voids may not be connected to eachother.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may be in liquid phase whenfilled into the non-metal container. The non-metal second half piece mayinclude one or more openings each of which corresponding to a respectiveone of the one or more recesses on the second primary side of the secondhalf piece such that the phase-change material is filled into the one ormore voids through the one or more openings.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may be in liquid phase whenfilled into the non-metal container. A first edge of the non-metal firsthalf piece may include a recess and a first edge of the non-metal secondhalf piece may include a recess such that when the non-metal first halfpiece and the non-metal second half piece are mated together the recesson the first edge of the non-metal first half piece and the recess onthe first edge of the non-metal second half piece form on opening thatallows the phase-change material to be filled into at least one of theone or more voids.

In one embodiment, the one or more recesses on the second primary sideof the first half piece may surround a non-recessed portion of thesecond primary side of the first half piece. The one or more recesses onthe second primary side of the second half piece may surround anon-recessed portion of the second primary side of the second halfpiece. When the second primary side of the first half piece and thesecond primary side of the second half piece are mated together the oneor more voids may surround a non-void region.

In one embodiment, the non-void region may be sized and shapedapproximately equal to or larger than a size and shape of theheat-generating device.

In one embodiment, the non-metal first half piece and the non-metalsecond half piece may be bonded together.

In one embodiment, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise a heat sink and a layer of thermal interface material disposedbetween the non-metal container and the heat sink. In one embodiment,the heat sink may comprise metal or ceramic. In one embodiment, thelayer of thermal interface material may comprise gold, tin, or a solderalloy.

In one embodiment, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise the heat-generating device and a layer of thermal interfacematerial disposed between the non-metal container and theheat-generating device. In one embodiment, the heat-generating devicemay comprise a laser diode, a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser(VCSEL), a light-emitting diode (LED), a light source, an integratedcircuit (IC), or a microwave chip. In one embodiment, the layer ofthermal interface material may comprise gold, tin, or a solder alloy.

In one embodiment, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise a substrate and a layer of thermal interface material disposedbetween the non-metal container and the substrate. In one embodiment,the substrate may comprise a printed circuit board (PCB). In oneembodiment, the layer of thermal interface material may comprise gold,tin, or a solder alloy.

In one embodiment, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise a heat sink, disposed on the non-metal container or thesubstrate, and the heat-generating device, disposed on the non-metalcontainer or the substrate.

In one embodiment, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise a substrate having a first primary surface and a second primarysurface opposite to the first primary surface. The substrate may includean opening configured to embed the non-metal container therein such thata primary surface of the non-metal container is exposed to receive theheat-generating device thereon.

In one embodiment, the substrate may comprise a printed circuit board(PCB).

According to another aspect, a portable electronics apparatus maycomprise a thermal energy storage apparatus and an electronics devicedisposed on or inside the thermal energy storage apparatus such that atleast a portion of thermal energy generated by the electronics device istransferred to and absorbed by the thermal energy storage apparatus. Thethermal energy storage apparatus may comprise a non-metal containerconfigured to receive the electronics device thereon or therein. Thethermal energy storage apparatus may further comprise a phase-changematerial contained in the non-metal container and configured to absorbat least a portion of heat from the electronics device through thenon-metal container. The electronics device may comprise aheat-generating device and a substrate on which the heat-generatingdevice is disposed.

In one embodiment, the non-metal container may comprise at least onecomponent made of single-crystal silicon, poly-crystal silicon,syntactic diamond, graphite, carbon-fiber, graphene, or carbonnanotubes.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may comprise a salthydrate, an ionic liquid, paraffin, fatty acid, ester, anorganic-organic compound, an organic-inorganic compound, or aninorganic-inorganic compound.

In one embodiment, the non-metal container may comprise a non-metalfirst half piece and a non-metal second half piece. The non-metal firsthalf piece may include a first primary side and a second primary sideopposite to the first primary side. The first primary side of the firsthalf piece may be configured to receive the heat-generating devicethereon. The second primary side of the first half piece may include oneor more recesses. The non-metal second half piece may include a firstprimary side and a second primary side opposite to the first primaryside. The first primary side of the second half piece may be configuredto receive a heat sink thereon. The second primary side of the secondhalf piece may include one or more recesses. One or more voids,configured to contain the phase-change material therein, may be formedwhen the second primary side of the first half piece and the secondprimary side of the second half piece are mated together.

In one embodiment, the one or more voids may not be connected to eachother.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may be in liquid phase whenfilled into the non-metal container. The non-metal second half piece mayinclude one or more openings each of which corresponding to a respectiveone of the one or more recesses on the second primary side of the secondhalf piece such that the phase-change material is filled into the one ormore voids through the one or more openings.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may be in liquid phase whenfilled into the non-metal container. A first edge of the non-metal firsthalf piece may include a recess and a first edge of the non-metal secondhalf piece includes a recess such that when the non-metal first halfpiece and the non-metal second half piece are mated together the recesson the first edge of the non-metal first half piece and the recess onthe first edge of the non-metal second half piece form on opening thatallows the phase-change material to be filled into at least one of theone or more voids.

In one embodiment, the one or more recesses on the second primary sideof the first half piece may surround a non-recessed portion of thesecond primary side of the first half piece. The one or more recesses onthe second primary side of the second half piece may surround anon-recessed portion of the second primary side of the second halfpiece. When the second primary side of the first half piece and thesecond primary side of the second half piece are mated together the oneor more voids may surround a non-void region that is sized and shapedapproximately equal to or larger than a size and shape of theheat-generating device.

In one embodiment, the non-metal first half piece and the non-metalsecond half piece may be bonded together.

In one embodiment, the heat-generating device may comprise a processor.

In one embodiment, the substrate may comprise a printed circuit board(PCB).

This summary is provided to introduce concepts relating to a thermalenergy storage apparatus that absorbs thermal energy from a compactheat-generating device. Some embodiments of the thermal energy storageapparatus are further described below in the detailed description. Thissummary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimedsubject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope ofthe claimed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitutea part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate embodiments ofthe disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings arenot necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out ofproportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearlyillustrate the concept of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a thermal energy management arrangementincluding a non-metal thermal energy storage device in accordance withan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the thermal energy managementarrangement of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the thermal energy management arrangement ofFIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the non-metal thermal energy storagedevice of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the non-metal thermal energy storagedevice of FIG. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a non-metal thermal energy storagedevice in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the non-metal thermal energy storagedevice of FIG. 6 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 8 is a top view of another thermal energy management arrangementincluding one or more non-metal thermal energy storage devices inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the thermal energy management arrangement ofFIG. 8 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a top view of yet another thermal energy managementarrangement including one or more non-metal thermal energy storagedevices in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the thermal energy management arrangement ofFIG. 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged side view of a portion of the thermal energymanagement arrangement of FIG. 10 in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Overview

The present disclosure describes embodiments of a thermal energy storageapparatus that absorbs thermal energy from a heat-generating device isdescribed. The disclosed thermal energy storage apparatus is capable ofabsorbing and storing thermal energy generated by the heat-generatingdevice. More specifically, at least to a certain extent, the disclosedthermal energy storage apparatus is capable of absorbing and storingthermal energy as latent heat in that the thermal energy storageapparatus absorbs and stores the thermal energy without a change intemperature. This feature advantageously allows thermal energy to betransferred from the heat-generating device, thereby optimizing theperformance and useful life of the heat-generating device, whileproviding enhanced user experience in that the portable/mobile apparatusin which the heat-generating device resides is not warm or hot to touch.When the heat-generating device is not in operation or is in a low-powermode, e.g., sleep mode or standby mode during which the heat-generatingdevice is generating little or no heat, thermal energy stored in thethermal energy storage apparatus may be slowly released out of thethermal energy storage apparatus and to a heat sink, in addition to orincluding the casing of the portable/mobile apparatus. As thermal energyis slowly released from the thermal energy storage apparatus to the heatsink and eventually to the casing of the portable/mobile apparatus, theportable/mobile apparatus is barely warm to touch, if at all.

As silicon is inert, the non-metal container, when made of silicon forexample, is not subject to issues related to oxidation, corrosion and/orcrystallization after long periods of operation. Silicon also has highYoung's modulus and is elastic enough to withstand the thermal expansionof the phase-change material contained therein. Additionally, siliconhas a relatively high thermal conductivity, making it an ideal choice ofmaterial for the container that contains the phase-change materialtherein.

Illustrative Embodiments

FIGS. 1-3 illustrate various views of a thermal energy managementarrangement 1001 including a non-metal thermal energy storage device 101in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS. 4-5illustrate various views of one embodiment of the non-metal thermalenergy storage device 101. FIGS. 6-7 illustrate various views of oneembodiment of a non-metal thermal energy storage device 201.

As shown in FIG. 1-3, a thermal energy storage apparatus that absorbsand stores thermal energy from a heat-generating device 11 may comprisea non-metal thermal energy storage device that includes a non-metalcontainer 101 and a phase-change material (not shown). The non-metalcontainer 101 may be configured to receive the heat-generating device 11thereon. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-7, a top surface of thenon-metal container 101 or 201 may be configured to receive theheat-generating device 11 thereon. The phase-change material iscontained in the non-metal container 101 or 201 and configured to absorbat least a portion of heat from the heat-generating device 11 throughthe non-metal container 101 or 201.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may comprise a salthydrate, an ionic liquid, paraffin, fatty acid, ester, anorganic-organic compound, an organic-inorganic compound, aninorganic-inorganic compound, or any to-be-developed material suitablefor the intended purpose as described in the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the non-metal container 101 or 201 may comprise anon-metal first half piece 13 a or 23 a and a non-metal second halfpiece 13 b or 23 b. At least one of the non-metal first half piece 13 aor 23 a and the non-metal second half piece 13 b or 23 b is made ofsingle-crystal silicon, poly-crystal silicon, syntactic diamond,graphite, carbon-fiber, graphene, or carbon nanotubes. The non-metalfirst half piece 13 a or 23 a may include a first primary side and asecond primary side opposite to the first primary side. The firstprimary side of the first half piece 13 a or 23 a may be configured toreceive the heat-generating device 11 thereon. The second primary sideof the first half piece 13 a or 23 a may include one or more recesses.

In the example shown in FIGS. 1-7, the second primary side of the firsthalf piece 13 a or 23 a includes four recesses. The non-metal secondhalf piece 13 b or 23 b may include a first primary side and a secondprimary side opposite to the first primary side. The first primary sideof the second half piece 13 b or 23 b may be configured to receive aheat sink 15 thereon. The second primary side of the second half piece13 b or 23 b may include one or more recesses. In the example shown inFIGS. 1-7, the second primary side of the second half piece 13 b or 23 bincludes four recesses. One or more voids, configured to contain thephase-change material therein, are formed when the second primary sideof the first half piece 13 a or 23 a and the second primary side of thesecond half piece 13 b or 23 b are mated together. As shown in FIGS.1-7, four voids 103 a, 103 b, 103 c, 103 d or 203 a, 203 b, 203 c, 203 dare formed when the second primary side of the first half piece 13 a or23 a and the second primary side of the second half piece 13 b or 23 bare mated together. The voids 103 a, 103 b, 103 c, 103 d or 203 a, 203b, 203 c, 203 d hold or otherwise contain the phase-change materialtherein.

In one embodiment, the one or more voids 103 a, 103 b, 103 c, 103 d or203 a, 203 b, 203 c, 203 d may not be connected to each other. As shownin FIGS. 4 - 7, the voids 103 a, 103 b, 103 c, 103 d or 203 a, 203 b,203 c, 203 d are not connected to each other as every two of the voids103 a, 103 b, 103 c, 103 d or 203 a, 203 b, 203 c, 203 d are separatedby a partition therebetween.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may be in liquid phase whenfilled into the non-metal container 101 or 201. The non-metal secondhalf piece 13 b may include one or more small openings (openings 102 a,102 b, 102 c, 102 d for non-metal container 101 and openings 202 a, 202b, 202 c, 202 d for non-metal container 201) each of which correspondingto a respective one of the one or more recesses on the second primaryside of the second half piece 13 b or 23 b such that the phase-changematerial is filled into the one or more voids 103 a, 103 b, 103 c, 103 dor 203 a, 203 b, 203 c, 203 d through the one or more openings 102 a,102 b, 102 c and 102 d or 202 a, 202 b, 202 c and 202 d. The one or moreopenings 102 a, 102 b, 102 c and 102 d or 202 a, 202 b, 202 c and 202 dmay be plugged up after the phase-change material is filled into the oneor more voids 103 a, 103 b, 103 c, 103 d or 203 a, 203 b, 203 c, 203 d.

Alternatively, a first edge of the non-metal first half piece 13 a or 23a may include a recess and a first edge of the non-metal second halfpiece 13 b or 23 b may include a recess such that, when the non-metalfirst half piece 13 a or 23 a and the non-metal second half piece 13 bor 23 b are mated together, the recess on the first edge of thenon-metal first half piece 13 a or 23 a and the recess on the first edgeof the non-metal second half piece 13 b or 23 b form on opening thatallows the phase-change material to be filled into at least one of theone or more voids 103 a, 103 b, 103 c, 103 d or 203 a, 203 b, 203 c, 203d of the non-metal container 101 or 201.

In one embodiment as shown in FIGS. 6-7, the one or more recesses on thesecond primary side of the first half piece 23 a may surround anon-recessed portion of the second primary side of the first half piece23 a. The one or more recesses on the second primary side of the secondhalf piece 23 b may surround a non-recessed portion of the secondprimary side of the second half piece 23 b. When the second primary sideof the first half piece 23 a and the second primary side of the secondhalf piece 23 b are mated together the one or more voids 203 a, 203 b,203 c, 203 d may surround a non-void region. In one embodiment, thenon-void region may be sized and shaped approximately equal to or largerthan a size and shape of the heat-generating device. For example, asshown in FIGS. 6-7, the non-void region may be sized and shaped suchthat, when the heat-generating device 11 is received on the firstprimary side of the first half piece 23 a, the heat-generating device 11is directly above the non-void region of the non-metal container 201.This allows thermal energy in the heat-generating device 11 to betransferred to the non-void region of the non-metal container 201 andthen to the phase-change material contained in the voids 203 a, 203 b,203 c, 203 d surrounding the non-void region of the non-metal container201.

In one embodiment, the non-metal first half piece 13 a or 23 a and thenon-metal second half piece 13 b or 23 b may be bonded together.

In one embodiment, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise the heat sink 15 and a layer of thermal interface material 14disposed between the non-metal container 101 or 201 and the heat sink15. In one embodiment, the heat sink 15 may comprise metal or ceramic.In one embodiment, the layer of thermal interface material 14 maycomprise gold, tin, or a solder alloy.

In one embodiment, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise the heat-generating device 11 and a layer of thermal interfacematerial 12 disposed between the non-metal container 101 or 201 and theheat-generating device 11. In one embodiment, the heat-generating device11 may comprise a laser diode, a VCSEL, an LED, a light source, an ICsuch as a microprocessor, microwave chip, communication chip, RF chip orthe like. In one embodiment, the layer of thermal interface material 12may comprise gold, tin, or a solder alloy.

FIGS. 8-9 illustrate various views of another thermal energy managementarrangement 1002 including one or more non-metal thermal energy storagedevices 101 or 201 in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. FIGS. 10-12 illustrate various views of still anotherthermal energy management arrangement 1003 including one or morenon-metal thermal energy storage devices 101 or 201 in accordance withan embodiment of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, a thermal energy storage apparatus may comprise oneor more non-metal thermal energy storage devices 101 a, 101 b, 101 ceach of which includes a non-metal container 101 or 201, a phase-changematerial (not shown) contained in each of one or more non-metalcontainer 101 a, 101 b, 101 c, 101 d and a substrate 17 or 19. In someembodiments, the thermal energy storage apparatus may further comprise alayer of thermal interface material disposed between each of the one ormore non-metal containers 101 a, 101 b, 101 c and the substrate 17. Inone embodiment, the substrate 17 may comprise a printed circuit board(PCB). In one embodiment, the layer of thermal interface material maycomprise gold, tin, or a solder alloy.

Referring to FIGS. 8-9, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise one or more heat sinks 16 a, 16 b, 16 c, each disposed on arespective one of the one or more non-metal containers 101 a, 101 b, 101c. Alternatively, the one or more heat sinks 16 a, 16 b, 16 c may bedisposed on the substrate 17, on a side of the substrate 17 that isopposite to a side of the substrate 17 on which the one or morenon-metal containers 101 a, 101 b, 101 c are disposed, as shown in FIGS.8-9. In one embodiment, the thermal energy storage apparatus may furthercomprise one or more heat-generating devices 11 a, 11 b, disposed on theone or more non-metal containers 101 a, 101 b, 101 c or on the substrate17.

Referring to FIGS. 10-12, the substrate 19 has a first primary surface18a and a second primary surface 18b opposite to the first primarysurface 18a. The substrate 19 may include an opening configured to embedthe non-metal container 101 d therein such that a first primary surface13 aa of the non-metal container 101 d is exposed to receive theheat-generating device 11 c thereon. The non-metal container 101 d mayhave one or more voids 103 aa, 103 bb, 103 cc, 103 dd that contain thephase-change material therein. The first primary surface 13 aa of thenon-metal container 101 d may be flush with the first primary surface18a of the substrate 19, and a second primary surface 13 bb of thenon-metal container 101 d that is opposite to the first primary surface13 bb may be flush with the second primary surface 18 b of the substrate19. As shown in FIGS. 10-12, the heat-generating device 11 c may bedisposed on the non-metal container 101 d such that thermal energy canbe directly absorbed by the non-metal container 101 d and thephase-change material contained therein via conduction.

In one embodiment, the substrate 19 may comprise a PCB.

Exemplary Portable Electronics Apparatus

The above-described thermal energy storage apparatus may be used in aportable electronics apparatus for thermal energy storage andmanagement. For example, the above-described thermal energy storageapparatus may be used in a portable electronics apparatus such as atablet computer (e.g., iPad by Apple of Cupertino, Calif.), hand-heldmobile communication device (e.g., iPhone by Apple of Cupertino,Calif.), notebook/laptop computer, or any suitable hand-held portabledevice.

Accordingly, a portable electronics apparatus may comprise a thermalenergy storage apparatus and an electronics device disposed on or insidethe thermal energy storage apparatus such that at least a portion ofthermal energy generated by the electronics device is transferred to andabsorbed by the thermal energy storage apparatus. The thermal energystorage apparatus may comprise a non-metal (e.g., silicon-based)container configured to receive the electronics device thereon ortherein. The thermal energy storage apparatus may further comprise aphase-change material contained in the non-metal container andconfigured to absorb at least a portion of heat from the electronicsdevice through the non-metal container. The electronics device maycomprise a heat-generating device and a substrate on which theheat-generating device is disposed.

In one embodiment, the non-metal container may comprise at least onecomponent made of single-crystal silicon, poly-crystal silicon,syntactic diamond, graphite, carbon-fiber, graphene, or carbonnanotubes.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may comprise a salthydrate, an ionic liquid, paraffin, fatty acid, ester, anorganic-organic compound, an organic-inorganic compound, or aninorganic-inorganic compound.

In one embodiment, the non-metal container may comprise a non-metalfirst half piece and a non-metal second half piece. The non-metal firsthalf piece may include a first primary side and a second primary sideopposite to the first primary side. The first primary side of the firsthalf piece may be configured to receive the heat-generating devicethereon. The second primary side of the first half piece may include oneor more recesses. The non-metal second half piece may include a firstprimary side and a second primary side opposite to the first primaryside. The first primary side of the second half piece may be configuredto receive a heat sink thereon. The second primary side of the secondhalf piece may include one or more recesses. One or more voids,configured to contain the phase-change material therein, may be formedwhen the second primary side of the first half piece and the secondprimary side of the second half piece are mated together.

In one embodiment, the one or more voids may not be connected to eachother.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may be in liquid phase whenfilled into the non-metal container. The non-metal second half piece mayinclude one or more openings each of which corresponding to a respectiveone of the one or more recesses on the second primary side of the secondhalf piece such that the phase-change material is filled into the one ormore voids through the one or more openings.

In one embodiment, the phase-change material may be in liquid phase whenfilled into the non-metal container. A first edge of the non-metal firsthalf piece may include a recess and a first edge of the non-metal secondhalf piece includes a recess such that when the non-metal first halfpiece and the non-metal second half piece are mated together the recesson the first edge of the non-metal first half piece and the recess onthe first edge of the non-metal second half piece form on opening thatallows the phase-change material to be filled into at least one of theone or more voids.

In one embodiment, the one or more recesses on the second primary sideof the first half piece may surround a non-recessed portion of thesecond primary side of the first half piece. The one or more recesses onthe second primary side of the second half piece may surround anon-recessed portion of the second primary side of the second halfpiece. When the second primary side of the first half piece and thesecond primary side of the second half piece are mated together the oneor more voids may surround a non-void region that is sized and shapedapproximately equal to or larger than a size and shape of theheat-generating device.

In one embodiment, the non-metal first half piece and the non-metalsecond half piece may be bonded together.

In one embodiment, the heat-generating device may comprise a processor.

In one embodiment, the substrate may comprise a PCB.

Conclusion

The above-described techniques pertain to thermal energy storage with aphase-change material contained in a non-metal container. Although thetechniques have been described in language specific to certainapplications, it is to be understood that the appended claims are notnecessarily limited to the specific features or applications describedherein. Rather, the specific features and applications are disclosed asexemplary forms of implementing such techniques.

1. A thermal energy storage apparatus that absorbs thermal energy from aheat-generating device, the thermal energy storage apparatus comprising:a non-metal container configured to receive the heat-generating devicethereon; and a phase-change material contained in the non-metalcontainer and configured to absorb at least a portion of heat from theheat-generating device through the non-metal container.
 2. The thermalenergy storage apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-metalcontainer comprises at least one component made of single-crystalsilicon, poly-crystal silicon, syntactic diamond, graphite,carbon-fiber, graphene, or carbon nanotubes.
 3. The thermal energystorage apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the phase-changematerial comprises a salt hydrate, an ionic liquid, paraffin, fattyacid, ester, an organic-organic compound, an organic-inorganic compound,or an inorganic-inorganic compound.
 4. The thermal energy storageapparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-metal containercomprises: a non-metal first half piece having a first primary side anda second primary side opposite to the first primary side, wherein: thefirst primary side of the first half piece is configured to receive theheat-generating device thereon, and the second primary side of the firsthalf piece includes one or more recesses; and a non-metal second halfpiece having a first primary side and a second primary side opposite tothe first primary side, wherein: the first primary side of the secondhalf piece is configured to receive a heat sink thereon, and the secondprimary side of the second half piece includes one or more recesses suchthat one or more voids, configured to contain the phase-change materialtherein, are formed when the second primary side of the first half pieceand the second primary side of the second half piece are mated together.5. The thermal energy storage apparatus as recited in claim 4, whereinthe one or more voids are not connected to each other.
 6. The thermalenergy storage apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the phase-changematerial is in liquid phase when filled into the non-metal container,and wherein the non-metal second half piece includes one or moreopenings each of which corresponding to a respective one of the one ormore recesses on the second primary side of the second half piece suchthat the phase-change material is filled into the one or more voidsthrough the one or more openings.
 7. The thermal energy storageapparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the phase-change material is inliquid phase when filled into the non-metal container, and wherein afirst edge of the non-metal first half piece includes a recess and afirst edge of the non-metal second half piece includes a recess suchthat when the non-metal first half piece and the non-metal second halfpiece are mated together the recess on the first edge of the non-metalfirst half piece and the recess on the first edge of the non-metalsecond half piece form on opening that allows the phase-change materialto be filled into at least one of the one or more voids.
 8. The thermalenergy storage apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the one or morerecesses on the second primary side of the first half piece surround anon-recessed portion of the second primary side of the first half piece,wherein the one or more recesses on the second primary side of thesecond half piece surround a non-recessed portion of the second primaryside of the second half piece, and wherein when the second primary sideof the first half piece and the second primary side of the second halfpiece are mated together the one or more voids surround a non-voidregion that is sized and shaped approximately equal to or larger than asize and shape of the heat-generating device.
 9. The thermal energystorage apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein the non-metal firsthalf piece and the non-metal second half piece are bonded together. 10.The thermal energy storage apparatus as recited in claim 1, furthercomprising: a heat sink; and a layer of thermal interface materialdisposed between the non-metal container and the heat sink.
 11. Thethermal energy storage apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein theheat sink comprises metal or ceramic, and wherein the layer of thermalinterface material comprises gold, tin, or a solder alloy.
 12. Thethermal energy storage apparatus as recited in claim 1, furthercomprising: the heat-generating device; and a layer of thermal interfacematerial disposed between the non-metal container and theheat-generating device.
 13. The thermal energy storage apparatus asrecited in claim 12, wherein the heat-generating device comprises alaser diode, a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), alight-emitting diode (LED), a light source, an integrated circuit (IC),or a microwave chip.
 14. The thermal energy storage apparatus as recitedin claim 12, wherein the layer of thermal interface material comprisesgold, tin, or a solder alloy.
 15. The thermal energy storage apparatusas recited in claim 1, further comprising: a substrate on which thenon-metal container is disposed.
 16. The thermal energy storageapparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein the substrate comprises aprinted circuit board (PCB).
 17. The thermal energy storage apparatus asrecited in claim 15, further comprising: a layer of thermal interfacematerial disposed between the non-metal container and the substrate,wherein the layer of thermal interface material comprises gold, tin, ora solder alloy.
 18. The thermal energy storage apparatus as recited inclaim 15, further comprising: a heat sink disposed on the non-metalcontainer or the substrate; and the heat-generating device disposed onthe non-metal container or the substrate.
 19. The thermal energy storageapparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising: a substrate havinga first primary surface and a second primary surface opposite to thefirst primary surface, the substrate including an opening configured toembed the non-metal container therein such that a primary surface of thenon-metal container is exposed to receive the heat-generating devicethereon.
 20. The thermal energy storage apparatus as recited in claim19, wherein the substrate comprises a printed circuit board (PCB). 21.(canceled)
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